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''This article is about the French knight who died in 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers. For the Knight Templar of similar name who may or may not have been his uncle, and who was burned at the stake in 1314, see Geoffroi de Charney.'' Geoffroi de Charny (c. 1300 – 19 September 1356) was a French knight and author of at least three works on chivalry. He was born around 1300. His father, Jean de Charny was the Lord of Lirey in Burgundy and his mother was Margaret de Joinville. His grandfather on his mother's side, Jean de Joinville, was a close friend of King Louis IX and author of his biography. Geoffroi was a knight in the service of King Jean II of France and a founding member of the Order of the Star, an order of chivalry founded on 6 November 1351 by Jean II of France similar to the Order of the Garter (1347) by Edward III of England. He was also the carrier of the Oriflamme, the standard of the crown of France, an immensely privileged, not to mention dangerous, honour, as it made the holder a key target of enemy forces on the battlefield. Geoffroi de Charny was perhaps Europe's most admired knight during his lifetime, with a reputation for his skill at arms and his honour. It was said that in his time he was known as a "true and perfect Knight".〔Barbara W. Tuchman, ''A Distant Mirror, the Calamitous 14th Century'' (Published Alfred A. Knopf (1978].〕 ==Military career== Geoffroi de Charny fought at Hainault and in Flanders, and participated in a crusade under Humbert II of Viennois in the late 1340s. Humbert, was a terrible soldier and leader ((1) ) and the crusaders signed a treaty with the Turks in 1348, despite the capture of Smyrna under a previous commander. We know from the Chronicles of Froissart that de Charny traveled to Scotland by order of the French King on at least two occasions and was well known to the Scottish nobles of the time. The chronicle describes the French Knight's visit and de Charny briefly in this passage written in Middle English: ''.. "Mctray Duglas and the erle Morette knewe of their comynge, they wente to the havyn and mette with them, and receyved them swetely, sayeng howe they were right welcome into that countrey. And the barons of Scotlande knewe ryght well sir Geffray de Chamey, for he had been the somer before two monethes in their company: sir Greffray acquaynted them with the admyrall, and the other knyghtes of France".''〔''(''The Chronicle of Froissart''. translated by Sir John Nourchier Lord Berners introduction by William Paton Ker Vol. IV (London pub. David Nutt Sign of the Phoenix Long Acre 1902) Chpt II par 22 - out of copyright'' )''/〕 It is recorded and recently translated that Geoffroi was taken prisoner on two occasions. Once was at the battle of Morlaix. It is further recorded that in 1342 Geoffroi was taken prisoner in Brittany, then taken to Goodrich Castle in England, where his captor was Richard Talbot. An English letter patent of October 1343 describes him as having 'gone to France to find the money for his ransom'.〔Calendar of Patent Rolls 1343-45: 130]〕 It was a rare occurrence that a man would be thus trusted and since he went on to fight other battles, someone apparently paid Geoffroi's ransom, and he was knighted the very next year.〔Richard W. Kaeuper and Elspeth Kennedy, ''The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context and Translation'' (Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia Press) Introduction.〕 Another incident which provides insight into Geoffroi's mind is the retribution exacted upon Lombardy-born Aimery of Pavia, the man who betrayed him in his attempted recapture of Calais on New Year's Eve, 1349. Geoffroi conducted a dangerous raid on Aimery's castle. Geoffroi took Aimery captive to St. Omer, decapitated him, quartered his body, and displayed it on the town gates. As Professor Kaeuper adds: 'To show that all this was a private matter and not a part of the business of war (there was currently a truce), Charny took possession only of Aimery himself, not his castle.'〔Richard W. Kaeuper and Elspeth Kennedy, ''The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context and Translation'' (Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia Press) Introduction.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geoffroi de Charny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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